宋智勇,郝滨,赵凤敏,高光军,汪卫东

• 1:中国石化股份公司胜利油田分公司采油工艺研究院

摘要(Abstract)：

根据胜利油田的油藏特点,在温度(55～91℃)、矿化度(3 000～20 000 mg/L)及渗透率((207～6 900)×10~(-3)μm~2)等油藏条件下,利用16S rDNA克隆测序技术研究了10个水驱油藏的内源微生物种群及分布规律.结果显示,油藏内源微生物由种类丰富的细菌和古菌组成.其中,细菌以变形杆菌门为主(其中Gammaproteobacteria数量占总菌数的41.4%,Betaproteobacter记数量占总菌数的25.0%),共计114个属;另外,古菌共计14个属.整体上涵盖了烃降解、产生物表面活性物质、产甲烷等多种驱油功能微生物,其中,石油烃降解菌Achromobacter、Arcobacter几乎分布于所有研究区块.群落结构受到油藏温度、矿化度、渗透率、水驱时间等因素的影响.较高温度的油藏中古菌种类以及细菌中Thermu.s、Thermincola、Thermanaeromonas等嗜热菌含量均显著提升.其中:90℃油藏的嗜热细菌数量占总菌数的23%,并出现了极端嗜热古菌Geoglobus;矿化度10 000 mg/L以上的区块,耐盐菌数量占总菌数的30%左右,约为该矿化度以下油藏的2倍,而较高矿化度下的严格厌氧、反硝化等代谢形式未形成优势;油藏渗透率提高和水驱时间的延长会显著提高微生物多样性,种属数量增幅可达1倍以上.以上结果表明:研究的各水驱油藏普遍具有实施内源微生物驱油的生物基础;不同的油藏环境导致微生物群落结构存在明显差异,微生物驱油的激活配方及注入工艺需进行针对性的设计和优化.

关键词(KeyWords)： 微生物提高采收率;内源微生物;微生物群落;群落结构;群落分布;水驱油藏;16S rDNA克隆测序技术;胜利油田

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)项目(编号:2009AA063505)部分成果

作者(Author): 宋智勇,郝滨,赵凤敏,高光军,汪卫东

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